MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, WEST BENGAL

Paper Code: BCAC102
Programming for Problem Solving through C
UPID: 1000081

Time Allotted: 3 Hours
Full Marks: 70

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.

Group-A (Very Short Answer Type Questions)

Answer any ten of the following: (1 × 10 = 10)

Linker converts source program into machine code. (State True/False)
The expression -11 % -3 evaluates to ______.

What will be the output of the following code segment?

int a = 0;
switch(a) {
    case 0:
    default: printf("default");
    case 1: printf("a=%d", a);
}

C performs bound checking for arrays. (State True/False)
Size of a pointer is equal to the data type it points to. (State True/False)
By default, any user-defined function returns ______ type of data.
FILE is of type ______.
What is the program that translates source code into object code?
* is a ______ operator.
What is the final value of x when the code int x; for(x=0; x<10; x++) {} is executed?
Binary search works on sorted arrays. (State True/False)
Combine the following two statements into one:
c
Copy
Download
```
char *p;
p = (char*) malloc(100);
```

Group-B (Short Answer Type Questions)

Answer any three of the following: (5 × 3 = 15)

2. Passing Parameters to a Function & Computing `y = x^n`

Write a function that computes y = x^n where x and n are positive integers.

3. `fscanf()` and `fprintf()` Functions

Discuss their uses with suitable examples.

4. Number System Conversion

Convert (29)₁₀ to binary.
Convert (1011101)₂ to hexadecimal.

5. Bitwise Operators & Swapping Without a Third Variable

What are bitwise operators? Give examples.
Write a program to swap two variables without a third variable.

6. Find the Output

char p[] = "%d\n";
p[1] = 'c';
printf(p, 65);

#include <stdio.h>
void main() {
    int k = 5;
    int *p = &k;
    int **m = &p;
    printf("%d%d%d\n", k, *p, **m);
}

Group-C (Long Answer Type Questions)

Answer any three of the following: (15 × 3 = 45)

27. Call by Value vs. Call by Reference

Explain with examples.
Differentiate between storage classes (auto, static, register, extern).
Explain functions with return values and arguments.

28. Loops & Prime Number Check

Differentiate between break and continue.
Differentiate between entry-controlled (for, while) and exit-controlled (do-while) loops.
Write a C program to check if a number is prime.

29. Array & String Operations

Write a program to delete an element from an array.
Write a program to check if a string is a palindrome.

30. Recursion, Type Casting, Embedded C vs. Traditional C

Explain recursive functions with an example.
Differentiate between type casting and type conversion.
Compare Embedded C and Traditional C.

31. File Handling in C

Explain fseek() and rewind().
Write a program to create a file TEXT, store 10 integers, and read them back.

******************************************End of Question Paper*************************

Solutions

Analysis and Solutions for BCAC102 Programming for Problem Solving through C

Group-A (Very Short Answer Type Question)

Answer any ten of the following:
i) False - The linker combines object files into an executable, while the compiler converts source code to machine code.
ii) The expression -11%-3 evaluates to -2 (In C, the sign of the result matches the dividend).
iii) Output:
Copy
Download
```
defaulta=0
```
(Since there's no break statement, execution falls through to the next case)
iv) False - C does not perform bound checking for arrays.
v) False - Pointer size depends on the system architecture, not the data type it points to.
vi) By default any user defined function returns int type of data.
vii) FILE is of type structure.
viii) The program that translates source code into object code is a compiler.
ix) * is a pointer dereference operator (or could be multiplication operator).
x) The final value of x is 10 (loop exits when x=10).
xi) True - Binary search requires a sorted array.
xii) Combined statement:
c
Copy
Download
```
char *p = (char*)malloc(100);
```

Group-B (Short Answer Type Question)

Passing parameters to a function and computing y=x^n:

#include <stdio.h>

int power(int x, int n); // function prototype

int main() {
    int x = 2, n = 3;
    printf("%d^%d = %d\n", x, n, power(x, n));
    return 0;
}

int power(int x, int n) {
    int result = 1;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        result *= x;
    }
    return result;
}

fscanf() and fprintf() functions:

fscanf() and fprintf() are file handling functions similar to scanf() and printf() but work with files.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    FILE *fp;
    int num;
    
    // Writing to file
    fp = fopen("example.txt", "w");
    fprintf(fp, "%d %d %d", 10, 20, 30);
    fclose(fp);
    
    // Reading from file
    fp = fopen("example.txt", "r");
    while(fscanf(fp, "%d", &num) != EOF) {
        printf("%d ", num);
    }
    fclose(fp);
    
    return 0;
}

Number system conversions:

(29)₁₀ to binary:
29 ÷ 2 = 14 remainder 1
14 ÷ 2 = 7 remainder 0
7 ÷ 2 = 3 remainder 1
3 ÷ 2 = 1 remainder 1
1 ÷ 2 = 0 remainder 1
Reading remainders from bottom: 11101
So, (29)₁₀ = (11101)₂
(1011101)₂ to hexadecimal:
Group into nibbles: 0101 1101
0101 = 5, 1101 = D
So, (1011101)₂ = (5D)₁₆

Bitwise operators and swapping without third variable:

Bitwise operators perform operations at bit level:

& (AND), | (OR), ^ (XOR), ~ (NOT), << (left shift), >> (right shift)

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int a = 5, b = 7;
    printf("Before swap: a=%d, b=%d\n", a, b);
    
    a = a ^ b;
    b = a ^ b;
    a = a ^ b;
    
    printf("After swap: a=%d, b=%d\n", a, b);
    return 0;
}

Find the output:

a) Output:

(Changed format specifier to %c, so 65 prints as 'A')

b) Output:

(All three print the same value of k through different levels of indirection)

Group-C (Long Answer Type Question)

Call by value vs call by reference, storage classes, and functions

a) Call by value vs call by reference:

Call by value: Copies the value of arguments. Changes inside function don't affect original.
Call by reference: Passes address of variable. Changes inside function affect original.

// Call by value
void square(int x) {
    x = x * x;
}

// Call by reference
void squareRef(int *x) {
    *x = (*x) * (*x);
}

int main() {
    int a = 5;
    square(a); // a remains 5
    squareRef(&a); // a becomes 25
    return 0;
}

b) Storage classes:

auto: Default for local variables (lifetime within block)
register: Suggests storing in register (no address can be taken)
static: Preserves value between function calls
extern: Declares variable defined elsewhere

c) Functions with return and arguments:

// Function with return and arguments
float average(int a, int b) {
    return (a + b) / 2.0;
}

int main() {
    float avg = average(10, 20);
    printf("Average: %.2f\n", avg);
    return 0;
}

Break vs continue, loops, and prime number check

a) Differences:

break: Exits the loop immediately
continue: Skips current iteration and continues with next
Entry controlled (for, while): Condition checked before iteration
Exit controlled (do-while): Condition checked after iteration

b) Prime number check:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

bool isPrime(int n) {
    if (n <= 1) return false;
    for (int i = 2; i * i <= n; i++) {
        if (n % i == 0) return false;
    }
    return true;
}

int main() {
    int num;
    printf("Enter a number: ");
    scanf("%d", &num);
    
    if (isPrime(num)) {
        printf("%d is prime\n", num);
    } else {
        printf("%d is not prime\n", num);
    }
    return 0;
}

Array and string operations

a) Delete element from array:

#include <stdio.h>

void deleteElement(int arr[], int size, int pos) {
    if (pos < 0 || pos >= size) {
        printf("Invalid position\n");
        return;
    }
    
    for (int i = pos; i < size - 1; i++) {
        arr[i] = arr[i + 1];
    }
    
    printf("Array after deletion:\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {
        printf("%d ", arr[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");
}

int main() {
    int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    int size = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
    deleteElement(arr, size, 2); // Delete element at index 2
    return 0;
}

b) Palindrome check:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

bool isPalindrome(char str[]) {
    int left = 0;
    int right = strlen(str) - 1;
    
    while (left < right) {
        if (str[left] != str[right]) {
            return false;
        }
        left++;
        right--;
    }
    return true;
}

int main() {
    char str[100];
    printf("Enter a string: ");
    scanf("%s", str);
    
    if (isPalindrome(str)) {
        printf("%s is a palindrome\n", str);
    } else {
        printf("%s is not a palindrome\n", str);
    }
    return 0;
}

Recursive functions, type casting/conversion, Embedded vs Traditional C

a) Recursive function example (factorial):

#include <stdio.h>

int factorial(int n) {
    if (n == 0 || n == 1) {
        return 1;
    }
    return n * factorial(n - 1);
}

int main() {
    int num = 5;
    printf("Factorial of %d is %d\n", num, factorial(num));
    return 0;
}

b) Type Casting vs Type Conversion:

Type Casting: Explicit conversion by programmer (e.g., (float)5/2)
Type Conversion: Implicit conversion by compiler (e.g., 5/2.0)

c) Embedded C vs Traditional C:

Embedded C has hardware-specific extensions, limited resources, direct hardware access
Traditional C is for general-purpose computing with standard libraries

File operations

a) fseek() and rewind():

fseek(): Moves file pointer to specific position
rewind(): Moves file pointer to beginning of file

b) File program:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    FILE *fp;
    int num;
    
    // Create file and write 10 integers
    fp = fopen("TEXT", "w");
    for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
        fprintf(fp, "%d ", i);
    }
    fclose(fp);
    
    // Read and print the integers
    fp = fopen("TEXT", "r");
    printf("Numbers in file:\n");
    while (fscanf(fp, "%d", &num) != EOF) {
        printf("%d ", num);
    }
    fclose(fp);
    
    return 0;
}

These solutions cover the key concepts and programming techniques tested in the exam paper. Each answer demonstrates practical implementation of the theoretical concepts asked in the questions.

Thanks

Mr.Siddhan Khata

Director

S.K.Institute

SK Institute [blog]

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Tuesday, April 29, 2025

BCA PAPER CODE BCAC102 SEM-1 [2025]

MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, WEST BENGAL

Group-A (Very Short Answer Type Questions)

Group-B (Short Answer Type Questions)

2. Passing Parameters to a Function & Computing `y = x^n`

3. `fscanf()` and `fprintf()` Functions

4. Number System Conversion

5. Bitwise Operators & Swapping Without a Third Variable

6. Find the Output

Group-C (Long Answer Type Questions)

27. Call by Value vs. Call by Reference

28. Loops & Prime Number Check

29. Array & String Operations

30. Recursion, Type Casting, Embedded C vs. Traditional C

31. File Handling in C

Analysis and Solutions for BCAC102 Programming for Problem Solving through C

Group-A (Very Short Answer Type Question)

Group-B (Short Answer Type Question)

Group-C (Long Answer Type Question)

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SK Institute

SK Institute

SK Institute

Menu

Tuesday, April 29, 2025

BCA PAPER CODE BCAC102 SEM-1 [2025]

MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, WEST BENGAL

Group-A (Very Short Answer Type Questions)

Group-B (Short Answer Type Questions)

2. Passing Parameters to a Function & Computing y = x^n

3. fscanf() and fprintf() Functions

4. Number System Conversion

5. Bitwise Operators & Swapping Without a Third Variable

6. Find the Output

Group-C (Long Answer Type Questions)

27. Call by Value vs. Call by Reference

28. Loops & Prime Number Check

29. Array & String Operations

30. Recursion, Type Casting, Embedded C vs. Traditional C

31. File Handling in C

Analysis and Solutions for BCAC102 Programming for Problem Solving through C

Group-A (Very Short Answer Type Question)

Group-B (Short Answer Type Question)

Group-C (Long Answer Type Question)

No comments:

Post a Comment

SK Institute

SK Institute

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2. Passing Parameters to a Function & Computing `y = x^n`

3. `fscanf()` and `fprintf()` Functions